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Factorial Calculator

Calculate the factorial of a given non-negative integer.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a factorial in mathematics?
A factorial, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers from 1 to n. For example, 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120. By definition, 0! = 1. Factorials are fundamental in combinatorics, probability, and algebra.
Why is 0! equal to 1?
The value of 0! is defined as 1 for several important mathematical reasons: it maintains consistency in combinatorial formulas, follows from the empty product convention, and ensures the gamma function (which extends factorials to complex numbers) works correctly at 0.
What is the largest factorial I can calculate?
Our calculator can handle very large factorials using BigInt arithmetic. While there's no strict upper limit, extremely large numbers (above 10,000) may take longer to compute and display. The calculator shows results in both standard and scientific notation for readability.
Where are factorials used in real life?
Factorials are essential in:
• Combinatorics: Counting permutations and combinations
• Probability: Calculating probabilities in complex scenarios
• Statistics: In various statistical distributions
• Computer Science: Algorithm analysis and complexity
• Engineering: Signal processing and other applications
How does the calculator handle very large numbers?
For large inputs, our calculator uses JavaScript's BigInt data type to prevent integer overflow and ensure accurate results. It also provides scientific notation and digit count information to help you understand the magnitude of very large factorial results.

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